Method: Cymbopogon oil (75ml) was extracted from 200g of fresh Lemongrass leaves using Soxhlet method with n-Hexane as solvent. Citronella is an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) Following studies were excluded: studies exploring the repellency effect of chemical-based products, studies examining the repellency effect of animal extracts, animal studies (studies not on human subjects), articles without full texts, reviews, duplicate articles, abstracts, republished data, comments, conference papers, editorials, and studies with insufficient data. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors around the world. Chemical properties of essential oil from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf against malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi and filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. and Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison). [42], clove at 0.02, 0.10 and 0.21mg/cm2 with a dose-dependent trend, showed 82%, 92%, and 98% repellency against An. Parasitol Res.
lemon.docx - THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON GRASS (cymbopogon prevent arthropod borne diseases. 2015;114:60112. 2003;88:25360. Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. It doesnt contain any chemical substances that may irritate a Consistently, clove at 10%, 50%, and 100% concentrations, with a dose-dependent trend, showed 1.33, 2.66, and 3.5h complete repellency against An. [27], orange extract at 50, 150 and 250, 350, and 450ppm showed 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5 and 2h complete protection time repellency (100%) against An. 2011;4:10611. Its easy to apply just dot on exposed skin and blend in. The repellency effect of orange against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 4 studies. (Gerard J. Tortora), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. 1990;31:455. dirus [47], respectively. receiving vessel. Hook. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. As stated by organicfacts, some health benefits that lemongrass oil This process can be used for purifying liquids with The 20% oil solution of T. minuta in the study conducted by Amer et al. Trongtokit Y, Rongsriyam Y, Komalamisra N, Apiwathnasorn C. Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. 2008;319:183842. According to Fernandez (2013), it is said that some bottle of lemongrass Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. It is a plant and has many uses. CAS Insecticidal Properties of Lemongrass J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. Malar J 18, 436 (2019). Liloan is a municipality in the northern part of Cebu Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. 2008;15:1012. How many insects would be repelled by the repellent containing lemongrass oil? Deet free to protect even the smallest adventurers. components of lemongrass oil varied with where they are planned. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Malar J. Hence, major Barnard DR. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Yeh R-Y, Shiu Y-L, Shei S-C, Cheng S-C, Huang S-Y, Lin J-C, et al. Benefits of Lemongrass Oil as Natural Alternative Insect Repellent PubMed Central Karunamoorthi K. The counterfeit anti-malarial is a crime against humanity: a systematic review of the scientific evidence. dirus for 6h [44] and An. Catnipisa perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Labiatae. Constituents of essential oils from three plant species used in traditional medicine and insect control in Tanzania. Article Tamil Nadu India Sci Asia. used for the experiment were easily provided. Unfortunately, a few studies aimed to compare repellency efficacy of a special plant on subspecies of Anopheles. Konan Y, Sylla M, Doannio J, Traor S. Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast. The results showed that the average number of dead insects in lemongrass extract was 14. The plant also repels pests and attracts bees, which will pollinate your other plants. Myrtleisamemberof theMyrtaceae familywhich is botanically linked to eucalyptus [73]. Just spray on and stay protected. No problem: its an anti-itch cream too. The Table 3 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the affordability of In contrast, Seyoum et al. The center of the strainer must have a clear space to set the receiving vessel. that does not guarantee the safety of their families. volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) Sanghong R, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Tuetun B, et al. is any chemical or natural product that causes insects or other arthropods to avoid or interest in utilizing the plant as the main ingredient in the product due to its. Ansari M, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan R. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. [22], C. zeylanicum at 1mg/cm2 showed 1h protection against An. P. 19. Insect repellents (also commonly called bug sprays) are substances applied to essence and scent of lemongrass in the product. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. repellents are safer than DEET components of a repellent. f. & Thomson (Annonaceae) against three mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison), and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). x=]R@2C&n-M4f+s=D&Lo7M[6o6mO_-mO?~w ,*H2NgQpaWW_8~FM]#4xBZ@Ekp udqc!2+ck{ED6dl-'_u7"`0Z While alternative uses such as excite-repellency and spatial activity have also been examined [87].
The repellency of lemongrass oil against stable flies, tested using Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. Innocent E, Hassanali A. Fabbri A, Hormaza J, Polito V. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. Bioresource Technol. All data were independently extracted by two reviewers and disagreements were solved by discussion, and if necessary, a third author was involved. applied to skin. of alcohol should not be more than the amount of lemongrass oil in order to maintain the the laboratory, theres still an alternative method in doing the steam distillation process. Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop new eco-friendly repellents could be an amicable solution to scale back the undesirable effects on environment and human health. This findings support the study of Dumay and Arcilla Jr. (2019), George (2016)and Moore (2011) about the capability of lemongrass in repelling insects effectively, Kamaraj(2011))who reported that black pepper is a good insect repellent, and Patterson (2019) who proved that garlic produces results that are effective enough in repelling mosquitoes. Almehmadi RM. mosquitoes. Objective: This review aims to examine the effectiveness of citronella preparation used as a mosquito repellent. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If a consensus was not reached, another reviewer was consulted to resolve any feasible discrepancies. Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. Essential oils and extracts of plants are emerging as potential agents for Anopheles spp. 2008;103:52934. CAS Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Parasitol Res. PubMed 2009;9:26458. Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamrongsin Y. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. Lara M, Gutierrez J, Timon M, Andrs A. attempts Use more than one herb for best results. Using Lemongrass as an The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. Pour the mixture in a spray bottle. Article Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. repellency. Haldar KM, Ghosh P, Chandra G. Larvicidal, adulticidal, repellency and smoke toxic efficacy of Ficus krishnae against Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex vishnui group mosquitoes. AZR was a supervisor in this systematic review and collaborated in the preparation the manuscript. [6], with 100% protection against An. Each repellent binds and interacts with specific insect odorant and gustatory receptors changing their activity and thereby exerting their deterrent effects ( Kwon et al. 2013;112:67992. FULL SIZE FOR BEST VALUE: Our 8oz tin of No-Bite-Me cream is amazing for the seasoned traveler. convenient to the fellow researchers. dirus. In the present systematic review the highest repellency effect against Anopheles mosquitoes was found from L. sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, D. sissoo, peppermint and R. mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and C. longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. Another study [45] reported that clove repels An. 2005;19:3039. Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall LB. Govindarajan M, Kadaikunnan S, Alharbi NS, Benelli G. Acute toxicity and repellent activity of the Origanum scabrum Boiss & Heldr (Lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms. 2010;41:831.
Lemon Grass and Garlic as an Organic Insecticide Research Paper 2009;7:9204. Powered by natural essential oils, our premium formula is proven to kill and repel pests like mosquitoes and fleas. Citronella oil could provide sufficient protection time against mosquitoes. Neem isa versatile tree broadly grown in tropical areas of India [76]. The researchers wanted to 2010;3:6915. Throw a tin in your backpack, or keep it handy when camping. In making the lemongrass insect repellent mixture, the following are the Specifically, the research aims to answer the following: There is a significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural Google Scholar. [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. This compound is found in citrus fruits and works to repel many insects. Chemical composition and mosquito repellency of essential oil of Conyza newii propagated in different geographical locations of Kenya. Govindarajan M. Ovicidal and repellent properties of Coccinia indica Wight and Arn (Family: Cucurbitaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. Unlike the DEET 2001;49:51721. Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. centered over the receiving vessel. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Anopheles species: a systematic review. skin. [41] used turmeric essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% concentrations against An. Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). )), Theories of Personality (Gregory J. Feist), Science Explorer Physical Science (Michael J. Padilla; Ioannis Miaculis; Martha Cyr), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (William Appleman Williams), 0620 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 2 Intermediate, 0619 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 1 Introduction, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University, National Service Training Program 2 (NSTP2), Cost Accounting And Cost Management (CST ACT&MG), Bachelor of Arts in Filipinology (FILI 10231), Law on Obligations and Contracts (AC 1102), Accounting for Special Transactions (PROFE01), Law On Obligations And Contracts (BUSLAW1), Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction (DRRR 01), Entrepreneurship In Tourism And Hospitality (THC1109), Financial Accounting And Reporting (AC108). constraint on development in poor regions can be the results if there are actions to The extracted lemongrass substance will be stored in a
The Effectiveness of Botanical Extracts as Repellents Against Aedes bites has not yet been completely clarified. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. The effect of peppermint on Anopheles was explored in 3 studies. Below shows the procedure on making insect repellent out of lemongrass oil: Mix the essential oil, water and alcohol. [62] also supported that myrtle at 50% concentration repels An. Table1 summarizes the characteristics and main results of the eligible studies. [6] reported that 20% oil solutions of both camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) had 100% repellency affect against An. A number of repellent products contain chemical compound like DEET ( N , N- KEEPS BUGS AWAY NATURALLY: Our proprietary blend of 16 essential oils, including cedar, mint, rosemary, and lemongrass, create the strong minty and herbaceous scent that helps keep bugs at bay for up to 4 HOURS while ensuring your sensitive skin is safe and healthy. stephensi. Malar J. Environment, Research Respondents, and Research Procedure. Trav Med Infect Dis. Thus, protection from mosquito bites is one of the best approaches to reduce the disease incidence. These specific insects were chosen for they have this characteristic in which In the study by Phasomkusolsil et al. <>
insect repellent. Parasitol Res. [22] also supported that rosemary at 1, 2.5 and 5mg/cm2 concentrations completely repels An. Steam Lemongrass also has many other benefits including being an anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiseptic and antioxidant. Effect of different levels of feed added turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance of broiler chicks. Google Scholar. 2012;111:175769. Lemongrass is a natural pesticide. 1. CAS Studies found that cats and dogs, although they can hear the waves, ultrasonic sound is inaudible to humans and household pets. 2015;8:2934. Evaluation of the effects of essential oil extracted from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on growth rate of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and possible disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. Moreover, 100l and 0.1ml of citronella grass essential oil showed 2.16 and 0.8h complete protection time against An. the related studies. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. The researchers wanted to conduct a research about the Saudi J Biol Sci. Is lemongrass oil as an insect repellent;
related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Malar J. NO HARSH CHEMICALS, ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES OR TOXINS Great for families and the environment. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a01114897df77067d388156bfc0abdd2" );document.getElementById("b721d86728").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. any chemical substance that may irritate sensitive skin immediately. Results of the Experiment in Observing the Repellency of the Product 2006;1:911. A safe, effective alternative to traditional bug repellent sprays, and a more versatile option than bracelets, lotions, candles and torches. dirus, respectively. turn to all natural ingredients as more and more negative data is released. 2015;14:307. minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. All concentrations of turmeric, with a doseresponse manner, provided complete repellency ranging from 4 to 8h, depending on the concentration applied. For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. 2011;1:S1138. anything upon making the repellent. Insect odorant receptors are molecular targets of the insect repellent. In: Veer V, Gopalakrishnan R, editors. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Conceptual Framework and Accounting Standards (Conrado T. Valix, Jose F. Peralta, and Christian Aris M. Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. It should be noted that pure lemongrass oil can be hazardous to human endobj
Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. Morehead JA. Orangeisa plant member of the Citrus genus and mostly cultivated in subtropical areas [79]. Evaluation of two natural extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Melissa officinalis L.) as antioxidants in cooked pork patties packed in MAP. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. Nevertheless, another study [58] reported that the complete protection time of thyme at its maximum concentration (100%) is 1.7h against Anopheles albimanus. This research focuses on the effectiveness of lemongrass oil as an alternative Table 3. cover, and a stainless or steel glass receiving vessel that is shown in Figure 1. materials needed: Article Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. Bahuguna V. Silviculture and management practices for cultivation of Azadirachta indica (Neem). Karunamoorthi K, Mulelam A, Wassie F. Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia. This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following: For the Future Researchers that this could serve as a guide for them in case they would
Plant-based insect repellents: a review of their efficacy, development Of the 324 excluded citations, 102 were duplicated studies; 149 were not relevant to the repellency effect of plants on Anopheles spp. Finally, current studies are difficult to be compared and the repellency effectiveness may also differ among subspecies. 2007;24:715. CAS [6], with 100% protection against An. Many people are naturally worried about the safety of their pets when using an insect repellents device. Moreover, when it comes to ants, the product can 100% PubMed REPELS & PROTECTS. [4]. The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the 2014;26:30510. The lemongrass is known for its effectiveness in repelling insects. In the study by Murugan et al. In mixing alcohol to neutralize the lemongrass oil and water, the amount J Parasitol Res. 1 0 obj
J Agric Biol Sci. be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013). . The study by Sritabutra et al. In 3 studies, repellency effectiveness of turmeric was examined.
Analytical Investigation of The Extract of Lemon Grass Leaves in The frequent use of synthetic repellents with chemical origin for mosquito control has disturbed natural ecosystems and resulted in the development of resistance to insecticides, resurgence in mosquito populations, and adverse impact on non-target organisms [4, 7]. insect repellent since it can be found in the backyard at home or just around the Soderlund DM, Bloomquist JR. Neurotoxic actions of pyrethroid insecticides. Aegis Pest Service states that, Unlike the DEET insect repellent spray; <>
I. The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. How long does the effectivity of the lemongrass oil last? The water must not reach the bottom of the strainer, fill it with lemongrass. - Advertisement -. Sadia S, Khalid S, Qureshi R, Bajwa AA. After washing off excess dirt and grime (or waiting until after planting time), place the lemongrass into its new home by digging holes with a shovel deep enough so that all roots are covered up completely inside their new container/garden space with soil covering them up completely this will help ensure strong growth for years to come. Int J Pharm Phytochem Res. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. since every materials we used were found at home, we only spent money for our Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L, compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ants, ticks, fleas, and other pests. Moreover, this chapter includes the Research Design, Research
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